| The oldest tool for recovering gold from rock was the arrastre,
a wheel introduced by Mexican miners. The early arrastres
consisted of a low rock wall banked around large, flat and
fairly level stones. In a hole in the center was set an upright
post, and on this pivoted a long horizontal beam. A donkey
or mule harnessed to the end of the beam provided power by
walking in an endless circle outside the arrastres wall.
A chain bolted midway on the beam pulled a heavy drag stone.
The ore was crushed between the stones. The slow, tedious
process of grinding a stone pile of ore took about four hours.
Over 100 gold-grinding quartz arrastres one dotted Holcomb
Valley. |